Bilimbi trees

Bilimbi trees (Averrhoa bilimbi)!

1. General Information

• Common Names: Bilimbi, Cucumber Tree, Tree Sorrel.
• Scientific Name: Averrhoa bilimbi
• Type: Tropical tree, often multi-trunked.
• Native Region: Southeast Asia, likely originating in Malaysia or Indonesia. 

2. Tree Characteristics

• Size: Bilimbi trees are relatively small, typically reaching heights of 15-30 feet (4.5-9 meters).
• Leaves: Pinnate leaves (feather-like) with small leaflets, resembling the leaves of the tamarind tree.
• Flowers: Small, fragrant, reddish-purple flowers that grow in clusters on the trunk and older branches (cauliflory).
• Fruit: The most distinctive feature is the small, oblong, cylindrical fruit, 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long, with a pale green to yellow-green color. The fruit has a very tart, acidic, and sour flavor, reminiscent of a sour plum.
• Growth Habit: It is a fast-growing tree with a somewhat open, spreading crown. 

3. Growing Conditions

• Climate: Thrives in warm, tropical, and subtropical climates. It is frost-sensitive.
• Sunlight: Prefers full sun for optimal growth and fruit production.
• Soil: Adaptable to various soil types, but prefers well-drained soil rich in organic matter.
• Watering: Regular watering is essential, especially during dry periods.
• Wind Protection: Young trees are susceptible to strong winds, so protection may be needed. 

4. Uses

• Culinary:
  • Fruit: Primarily used in cooking as a souring agent, similar to tamarind or lime. It’s used in chutneys, pickles, jams, relishes, and stews, especially in Southeast Asian cuisine. It can also be used to make a refreshing juice or added to beverages.
  • Flowers: The flowers can be eaten and have a slightly acidic taste.
• Nutritional Value: The fruit contains vitamin C and other antioxidants.
• Other Uses:
  • Cleaning Agent: Due to its acidity, the fruit can be used as a natural cleaning agent for removing rust and tarnish from metal.
  • Dye: It has also been used as a mordant for natural dyes. 

5. Cultivation

• Propagation: Can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, or air layering.
• Maintenance: Requires relatively low maintenance once established, but pruning can be done to maintain shape and size.
• Pest and Disease: Some pests and diseases that may affect Bilimbi trees include scale insects, aphids, and fungal diseases. 

Important Notes:

• Sour Flavor: The extremely sour taste of the fruit is an acquired taste and may not be appealing to everyone.
• Calcium Oxalate Crystals: Like its relative the star fruit, Bilimbi fruit contains calcium oxalate crystals. Those with a sensitivity to these crystals should avoid consuming it. 

In summary, Bilimbi trees are an interesting addition to tropical and subtropical gardens, primarily grown for their unique, sour fruits used as a souring agent in cooking. It’s a fast-growing, attractive tree with a distinctive appearance and requires relatively low maintenance.